1. The working oil deteriorates due to entering the dirt. The sources of the dirt (such as ash, sand, soil, etc.) entering the oil are as follows:

（1）系統外部不清潔。不清潔物在加油或檢查油量時被帶入系統，或通過損壞的油封或密封環而進入系統；

(1) The outside of the system is not clean. Unclean materials are brought into the system when refueling or checking oil quantity, or enter the system through damaged oil seal or sealing ring;

（2）內部清洗不徹底。在油箱或部件內仍留有微量的污物殘渣；

(2) Internal cleaning is not thorough. There is still a small amount of dirt residue in the oil tank or parts;

（3）加油容器或用具不潔；

(3) Oil containers or utensils are not clean;

（4）制造時因熱彎油管而在管內產生銹皮；

(4) During manufacturing, rust scale is produced in the pipe due to hot bending of tubing;

（5）油液儲存不當，在加入系統前就不潔或已變質；

(5) Improper storage of oil, dirty or deteriorated before adding into the system;

（6）已逐漸變質的油會腐蝕零件。被腐蝕金屬可能成為游離分子懸浮在油中。

(6) Oil that has deteriorated gradually will corrode the parts. The corroded metal may become free molecules suspended in the oil.

污物會造成零件的磨損與腐蝕，尤其是對于精加工的零件，它們會擦傷膠皮管的內壁、油封環和填料，而這些東西損傷后又會導致更多的污物進入系統中，這樣就形成惡性循環的損壞。

Dirt will cause wear and corrosion of parts, especially for precision machined parts, which will scratch the inner wall of rubber tube, oil seal ring and packing. After these things are damaged, more dirt will enter the system, thus forming a vicious cycle of damage.

2、過熱造成系統過熱可能由以下一種或多種原因造成：

2. Overheating may be caused by one or more of the following reasons:

（1）油中進入空氣或水分，當液壓泵把油液轉變為壓力油時，空氣和水分就會助長熱的增加而引起過熱；

(1) Oil into air or water, when the hydraulic pump oil into pressure oil, air and water will contribute to the increase of heat and cause overheating;

（2）容器內的油平面過高，油液被強烈攪動，從而引起過熱；

(2) The oil level in the container is too high, and the oil is stirred strongly, causing overheating;

（3）質量差的油可能變稀，使外來物質懸浮著，或與水有親合力，這也會引起生熱；

(3) Oil of poor quality may become thinner, make foreign substances suspended, or have affinity with water, which can also cause heat generation;

（4）工作時超過了額定工作能力，因而產生熱；

(4) When working, it exceeds the rated working capacity, thus generating heat;

（5）回油閥調整不當，或未及時更換已損零件，有時也會產生熱。

(5) If the oil return valve is not adjusted properly or the damaged parts are not replaced in time, sometimes heat will be generated.

過熱將使油液迅速氧化，氧化又會釋放出難溶的樹脂、污泥與酸類等，而這些物質聚積油中造成零件的加速磨損和腐蝕，且它們粘附在精加工零件表面上還會使零件失去原有功能。油液因過熱變稀還會使傳動工作變遲緩。上述過熱的結果，常反映在操縱時傳動動作遲緩和回油閥被卡死。

Overheat will oxidize the oil rapidly, and the oxidation will release insoluble resin, sludge and acid. These substances will accumulate in the oil and cause accelerated wear and corrosion of parts, and they will adhere to the surface of finishing parts, and they will lose their original function. The oil will become thinner due to overheating, and the transmission will work slowly. The results of the above overheating, often reflected in the operation of the drive slow and return valve is stuck.

3、進入空氣油液中進入空氣的原因有下列幾種：

3. There are several reasons for air entering into the air fluid:

（1）加油時不適當地向下傾倒，致使有氣泡混入油內而帶入管路中；

(1) When refuelling, pour down improperly, resulting in bubbles mixed into the oil and brought into the pipeline;

（2）接頭松了或油封損壞了，空氣被吸入；

(2) The connector is loose or the oil seal is damaged, and the air is inhaled;

（3）吸油管路被磨穿、擦破或腐蝕，因而空氣進入。

(3) The oil suction pipe is worn, abraded or corroded, so air enters.

空氣進入油中除引起過熱外，也會有相當數量空氣在壓力下被溶于油內。如果被壓縮的體積大約有10%是屬于被溶的空氣，則壓力下降時便會形成泡沫。而工作液壓缸在減壓回油時，帶泡沫的油液就會形成“海綿”的性質。此外，油中含有許多泡沫會增加總體積，將造成油箱或儲油器的溢油現象。含有空氣的工作油，在傳遞動力時會產生急跳的痙攣現象，使動力傳遞不均勻，由此產生的壓力波動和應力，將會使零部件損壞，嚴重時會導致整個系統損壞。含有空氣的工作油，還會造成液壓泵發生氣穴的危險，由此而產生更大的吸力，會把更多的空氣連同其他雜質都吸入系統內。因油中進入空氣而產生過熱，空氣進入的同時也會帶進灰塵，這些情況會使油很快變質。

In addition to overheating caused by air entering the oil, a considerable amount of air will be dissolved in the oil under pressure. If the compressed volume is about 10% of the dissolved air, it will form foam when the pressure drops. When the working hydraulic cylinder is decompressed, the foam oil will form the sponge character. In addition, many bubbles in the oil will increase the total volume, causing oil spills or oil spills. The working oil containing air will produce spasmodic phenomenon of sudden jump when transmitting power, so that the power transmission is uneven. The resulting pressure fluctuation and stress will damage parts and components, and even the whole system will be damaged. Working oil containing air will also cause the danger of cavitation in the hydraulic pump, which will produce greater suction, and will draw more air and other impurities into the system. Because the oil into the air and produce overheating, air into the same time will also bring dust, these conditions will make the oil quickly deteriorated.

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